Why sinkholes are common in East Tennessee
TDOT repairs and geotechnical drilling explain frequent sinkholes in East Tennessee
If you drove down Highway 11E through Jefferson City recently, lanes that were closed after sinkholes formed have since reopened following repairs and inspections, according to TDOT spokesman Mark Nagi. Crews performed repairs on two sinkholes along that stretch — including one near Mossy Creek Drive — and are conducting geotechnical drilling to determine whether the fixes will hold long-term or if additional work is needed.
University of Tennessee hydrogeology professor Larry McKay says sinkholes are a fundamental feature of East Tennessee geology. “Sinkholes are a common feature in East Tennessee. It’s a fundamental part of the geology — dissolving of the rock by moving water — and this can happen in certain rock types, particularly carbonate rocks like limestone and dolomite.”
Local historian Bob Jarnagin notes the region’s long history with sinkholes, underground waterways and mining. He points to Mossy Creek Spring and historical maps that suggest more extensive surface and subsurface water networks than are visible today. Heavy rains can cause low-lying areas to form small lakes and for sinkholes to fill with water.
Why East Tennessee is prone to sinkholes
- Geology: Widespread carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite) dissolve when groundwater flows through them, creating cavities.
- Underground water systems: Springs and subterranean streams can erode bedrock and trigger collapses.
- Land use and development: Construction can alter groundwater flow and exacerbate vulnerability near existing voids.
- Historic mining: Past mining (zinc, lead, iron works) contributes locally to subsurface instability, though mines must be nearby to have a major effect.
Response and best practices
Transportation and construction agencies typically respond by securing the site, repairing the roadway, and performing targeted geotechnical investigations (drilling, borings) to assess the extent of subsurface voids. Long-term solutions depend on whether stable bearing strata are found and may include structural repair, controlled backfill, or drainage modifications.
Reported by Anne Brock for WVLT. Source: Why sinkholes are common in East Tennessee.
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